AICAR is a synthetic analog of adenosine monophosphate that acts as a potent, cell-permeable activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the master metabolic regulator activated during cellular energy deficits. With a molecular weight of 338.21 g/mol, it switches on catabolic pathways generating ATP while switching off anabolic pathways consuming ATP, showing protective effects in cardiac ischemia models by preconditioning the heart and reducing infarct size. It mimics beneficial exercise effects by improving insulin sensitivity, reducing blood glucose, and enhancing glucose uptake in muscles, while demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties by inducing apoptosis in certain cancer cells via AMPK activation and showing promise in fertility research by potentially improving sperm motility.



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