Melanotan 1 (MT-1) is a synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) with amino acid substitutions (norleucine for methionine, D-phenylalanine for L-phenylalanine) that enhance its stability and potency as a non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist. With a molecular weight of 1646.8 g/mol, it primarily activates MC1 receptors on melanocytes to stimulate eumelanin production, demonstrating a 75% increase in pigmentation with 50% less UV exposure. Beyond photoprotection, research has shown it activates MC4 receptors on astrocytes in Alzheimer’s models to increase BDNF and reduce amyloid-beta plaques, selectively modulates blood pressure in hypertensive models, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties by suppressing pro-inflammatory markers and reducing TGF-β1 expression.


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