AHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide complex (Ala-His-Lys-Cu) that influences cellular processes by regulating production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β), activating fibroblasts and endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis and extracellular matrix synthesis. With a molecular weight of 416.9 g/mol, it stimulates dermal fibroblast proliferation and collagen type I production up to 300%, strengthening skin barrier and accelerating tissue repair. In hair follicle research, it promotes angiogenesis via VEGF secretion to support the anagen phase while downregulating TGF-β, and studies on dermal papilla cells show it promotes proliferation, inhibits apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and stimulates hair follicle elongation.



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