VIP (6mg)

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and immune cells, binding to three class II G-protein coupled receptors (VPAC1, VPAC2, PAC1) to activate adenylate cyclase and downstream signaling pathways. With a molecular weight of 3326.8 g/mol, it acts as a potent anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective agent, reducing inflammation in IBD models by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving intestinal barrier function. It inhibits vascular remodeling in pulmonary research, promotes tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells for studying transplantation tolerance, maintains blood-brain barrier integrity in the nervous system, and can reverse established cardiac fibrosis by downregulating the intra-myocardial renin-angiotensin system.