MGF is a synthetic peptide representing the C-terminal E-domain of the IGF-1Eb isoform, acting as a local tissue repair factor distinct from mature IGF-1 by activating resident satellite cells in skeletal muscle to promote their proliferation and fusion for repair and hypertrophy. With a molecular weight of 2971.99 g/mol, it has demonstrated critical roles in tissue regeneration, increasing mean muscle fiber size by 25% while reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Its neuroprotective properties protect neurons from apoptosis after hypoxic injury, in cardiac research it protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia-induced apoptosis and attracts stem cells, and it supports chondrocyte survival in cartilage and promotes bone regeneration via the MAPK-Erk1/2 pathway.



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