Epithalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) recognized for its potential to influence aging biology by activating telomerase to maintain telomere length and promoting melatonin synthesis from the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythms and reduce oxidative stress. Research in murine and insect models has associated it with increased mean lifespan, reduced age-related mortality, and slowed degeneration of reproductive and immune systems. At the molecular level, it regulates gene expression by interacting with promoter regions of immune and tissue maintenance genes (e.g., IL-2, MMP2), protects cellular structure by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and shows potential in inhibiting tumor growth and preserving retinal structure and function.



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