GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys) complexed with a copper (II) ion, first isolated from human plasma. It functions as a fundamental signaling molecule in tissue repair by recruiting fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells to injury sites and modulating the extracellular matrix by stimulating collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis while regulating metalloproteinases. With a molecular weight of 340.38 g/mol, it has demonstrated diverse research potential, including accelerating wound healing and mitigating photodamage in skin, protecting neurons from apoptosis via pathways like miR-339-59/VEGFA, and exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and limiting iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in models of lung injury and fibrosis.



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